{
  "title": "Angeline's Slow-Cooked Collards with Smoked Turkey Wing",
  "method": "braised-simmer",
  "author": "Angeline Collins",
  "region": "Heath Springs, South Carolina, USA",
  "serves": "6-8",
  "total_time_minutes": 120,
  "ingredients": [
    { "name": "collard greens", "amount": 2.5, "unit": "pounds", "note": "Vates variety, outer leaves picked, stems stripped" },
    { "name": "smoked turkey wing", "amount": 1, "unit": "wing", "note": "about 1 lb; ham hock acceptable substitute" },
    { "name": "onion", "amount": 1, "unit": "large", "prep": "sliced thin" },
    { "name": "garlic", "amount": 3, "unit": "cloves", "prep": "smashed" },
    { "name": "apple-cider vinegar", "amount": 1, "unit": "tablespoon", "note": "added at end, not early" },
    { "name": "red-pepper flakes", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "teaspoon" },
    { "name": "kosher salt", "amount": null, "unit": "to taste" },
    { "name": "sugar", "amount": null, "unit": "pinch", "note": "only if greens bitter" },
    { "name": "water or homemade stock", "amount": null, "unit": "to cover" }
  ],
  "steps": [
    "Wash greens in two changes of cold water.",
    "Remove thick center ribs; stack, roll, and slice into ~1-inch ribbons.",
    "Brown smoked turkey wing in heavy pot over medium heat until golden.",
    "Add onion, cook until translucent; add garlic and pepper flakes.",
    "Add greens in handfuls, wilting each batch before adding more.",
    "Add water/stock to just cover, add vinegar, bring to gentle simmer.",
    "Cover, reduce to low, simmer 90-120 minutes. Salt to taste at the end.",
    "Serve with pot liquor, pepper vinegar, and cornbread."
  ],
  "key_temperatures": [
    { "stage": "browning", "heat": "medium", "time_minutes": null },
    { "stage": "simmer", "heat": "low, gentle simmer", "time_minutes": 90 }
  ],
  "failure_modes": {
    "bitter": "picked in hot weather or undercooked; fix by simmering longer until leaf yields",
    "tough_stringy": "center ribs not removed or boiled hard instead of simmered",
    "sour_flat": "too much vinegar too early, or no browning of the meat; vinegar belongs at the end"
  },
  "growing_notes": {
    "variety": "Vates",
    "planting": "August for fall crop, late February for spring",
    "harvest": "Pick outer leaves, leave crown; sweetest after a frost",
    "care": "sun, water, spring lime application"
  }
}