ZONE 5B FIELD GUIDE

STORM LAKE, IOWA — PLANTING WINDOWS, HARDINESS LIMITS, AND SURVIVAL PROTOCOLS
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PREFACE

This is not a suggestion. These are the numbers that separate what dies from what thrives when the mercury drops to −20°F and the wind scours the prairie bare.

Snow-covered pergola in a winter garden, wooden structure standing against stark white landscape
The pergola stands through January. Its timber was seasoned for this.

CROP 01: TURNIP (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa)

Species authority: Wikidata Q3916957 | Natural product of Brassica rapa subsp. rapa

TURNIP (WINTER STORAGE) ROOT VEGETABLE · BRASSICA
PLANTING WINDOW AUG 15 – SEP 5
DAYS TO MATURITY 56–62
HARVEST BEFORE OCT 15
SOIL TEMP MINIMUM 35°F
OVERWINTER DEPTH 18"
SUCROSE ACCUMULATION 18–22%
FROST TOLERANCE −10°F (bare)
SNOW COVER REQ ≥6"
SPRING RECOVERY 21 days
CRITICAL FAILURE MODE: Planting after September 10 yields insufficient sucrose accumulation. Root dies at −5°F without protective mulch.
SURVIVABLE CONDITION: 18" soil burial + ≥6" snow cover maintains root viability at −20°F ambient. Sugar concentration reaches 22% by December 21.

CROP 02: CARROT (Daucus carota subsp. sativus)

CARROT (LONG-KEEP) ROOT VEGETABLE · APIACEAE
PLANTING WINDOW JUL 20 – AUG 10
DAYS TO MATURITY 70–80
HARVEST BEFORE NOV 1
SOIL TEXTURE LOAM/SILT
ROW SPACING 12"
CAROTENE PEAK SEP 25 ± 3d
FROST TOLERANCE −5°F (mulched)
OVERWINTER MULCH 8–12" straw
SPRING HARVEST APR 15+
CRITICAL FAILURE MODE: Clay soil causes forked roots. Frost before September 20 destroys beta-carotene synthesis. Loss rate: 94%.

CROP 03: KALE (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

SCOTT'S GREEN KALE LEAFY GREEN · BRASSICA
PLANTING WINDOW JUN 15 – JUL 5
FIRST HARVEST SEP 10
PEAK FLAVOR DEC 21
CROWN HEIGHT 4" above soil
WIND EXPOSURE ≤15 mph sustained
GLUCOSINOLATES ↑ 300% post-frost
FROST TOLERANCE −15°F (hardened)
HARVEST METHOD LOWER leaves only
CONTINUOUS YIELD NOV–MAR
SURVIVABLE CONDITION: October 15 hardening required. Plants exposed to gradual cooling accumulate antifreeze proteins. Sudden freeze below −10°F kills meristem.

CROP 04: PARSLEY (Petroselinum crispum)

FLAT-LEAF PARSLEY HERB · APIACEAE
PLANTING WINDOW APR 15 – MAY 10
ESTABLISHMENT 60 days
WINTER PROTECTION Cold frame mandatory
MIN SOIL TEMP 28°F
HARVEST CYCLE Outer stems weekly
APIOLE CONTENT ↑ 2.1x post-frost
FROST TOLERANCE −8°F (protected)
COLD FRAME HEIGHT 18"
LIFESPAN Biennial (yr 2 = flower)
CRITICAL FAILURE MODE: Unprotected parsley dies at 20°F. Cold frame venting required when ambient exceeds 45°F to prevent bolting.
Blue jay feeding on corn kernels in winter, Keokuk County, Iowa
Keokuh County, January. The blue jay knows the grain cache. So do we.

PROTOCOL: SNOW PACK MANAGEMENT

INSULATION CALCULATOR THERMAL PHYSICS
SNOW DENSITY (typical) 0.1 g/cm³
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 0.0001 cal/cm·s·°C
REQUIRED DEPTH FOR −20°F 6"
REQUIRED DEPTH FOR −30°F 12"
SOIL HEAT CAPACITY 0.2 cal/g·°C
FREEZE FRONT RATE 0.8"/day
SAFE ROOT ZONE Below 12"
MONITORING INTERVAL Daily at 0600
FIELD ACTION: When forecast predicts −25°F, pile loose straw to 8" over root crops. Compact lightly with gloved hand. Replenish after wind event.
AGENT-LEGIBLE DATA TWIN
Complete planting calendar, thermal constants, and crop metadata:
field-guide.json
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