233 lines
7.6 KiB
HTML
233 lines
7.6 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Materials | Bernardo Zubko</title>
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<meta property="og:title" content="Materials | Bernardo Zubko">
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<meta property="og:description" content="Add carbon to iron and you change the game. 0.05% C: soft, ductile, forgiving. 0.8% C: hard, brittle, hungry for preheat.">
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<meta name="description" content="Add carbon to iron and you change the game. 0.05% C: soft, ductile, forgiving. 0.8% C: hard, brittle, hungry for preheat.">
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<style>
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:root {
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--bg: #0a0a0a;
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--accent: #ff3300;
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* { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
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padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
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border-bottom: 1px solid var(--dim);
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@media (min-width: 800px) {
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main {
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grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr;
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section {
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margin-bottom: 3rem;
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font-size: 1.4rem;
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p {
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margin-bottom: 1rem;
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color: #ccc;
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.material-card {
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float: right;
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border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
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font-family: var(--mono);
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font-size: 0.85rem;
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color: #ffaa88;
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footer {
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border-top: 1px solid var(--dim);
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padding-top: 2rem;
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margin-top: 4rem;
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font-family: var(--mono);
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font-size: 0.75rem;
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.back-link {
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display: inline-block;
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margin-bottom: 2rem;
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color: var(--dim);
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text-decoration: none;
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font-family: var(--mono);
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font-size: 0.8rem;
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}
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.back-link:hover {
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color: var(--accent);
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}
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</style>
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<script defer src="https://analytics.4ort.xyz/script.js" data-website-id="d3ed927c-888a-4a6c-ae5f-0b1c613ddf5b"></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<header>
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<h1>Materials</h1>
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<div class="breadcrumb"><a href="index.html">← Home</a> / Alloy Behavior Under Heat</div>
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</header>
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<main>
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<article>
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<section>
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<h2>01. Carbon is the Switch</h2>
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<p>Add carbon to iron and you change the game. 0.05% C: soft, ductile, forgiving. 0.8% C: hard, brittle, hungry for preheat.</p>
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<p>The HAZ doesn’t care about your intentions. It responds to chemistry.</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>02. The Three Steels</h2>
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<div class="material-card">
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<div class="mat-title">A36 Mild Steel</div>
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<div class="mat-specs">
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<span class="spec-label">Carbon</span> <span class="spec-val">≤0.26%</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Yield Strength</span> <span class="spec-val">250 MPa</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Conductivity</span> <span class="spec-val">50 W/(m·K)</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Melting Point</span> <span class="spec-val">1370–1510°C</span>
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</div>
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<div class="behavior">
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Behavior: Forgiving. Absorbs thermal shock. Ideal for field work in variable conditions. Preheat optional below −10°C.
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="material-card">
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<div class="mat-title">1045 Medium Carbon</div>
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<div class="mat-specs">
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<span class="spec-label">Carbon</span> <span class="spec-val">0.43–0.50%</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Yield Strength</span> <span class="spec-val">565 MPa</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Conductivity</span> <span class="spec-val">46 W/(m·K)</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Hardness (quenched)</span> <span class="spec-val">HRC 55+</span>
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</div>
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<div class="behavior">
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Behavior: Demanding. Requires controlled cool rate. Preheat ≥150°C mandatory outdoors. Post-weld bake to relieve stress.
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="material-card">
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<div class="mat-title">304 Stainless</div>
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<div class="mat-specs">
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<span class="spec-label">Chromium</span> <span class="spec-val">18–20%</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Nickel</span> <span class="spec-val">8–10.5%</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Conductivity</span> <span class="spec-val">16 W/(m·K)</span><br>
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<span class="spec-label">Expansion Coeff.</span> <span class="spec-val">17.3 μm/(m·K)</span>
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</div>
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<div class="behavior">
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Behavior: Traps heat locally. Warps less but burns easier. Use pulsed GMAW or TIG. Purge argon or risk chromium carbides.
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="warning">
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Rule: Above 0.4% carbon, you are no longer welding. You are heat-treating. Respect the phase diagram.
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>03. The Fillers</h2>
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<p>ER70S-6 forgives sulfur. ER308L demands purity. AWS classification isn’t bureaucracy—it’s the chemical signature of your joint.</p>
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<p>I keep three rods on the bench. Nothing more. Precision over variety.</p>
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</section>
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</article>
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<aside>
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<section>
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<h2>Shop Inventory</h2>
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<p>Current stock, tested and tagged.</p>
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<ul style="font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.85rem; color: #aaa; list-style: none; padding-left: 0;">
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">• ER70S-6, 0.9mm, 10kg coil</li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">• ER308L, 1.2mm, 5kg coil</li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">• ECuSn-C, 2.4mm rod (bronze repair)</li>
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</ul>
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<br>
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<p style="font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--dim);">Last audit: 2026-07-16</p>
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</section>
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</main>
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<footer>
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<a href="index.html" class="back-link">← Back to Home</a>
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<br><br>
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Specifications aligned with ASTM A36, AISI 1045, ASTM A240.<br>
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bernardo-zubko.4ort.net/materials.html
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