222 lines
7.8 KiB
HTML
222 lines
7.8 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>The Cardboard Adapter | Cathy Mcmasters</title>
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<style>
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:root {
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--ink: #e8e6e3;
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body {
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padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
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header {
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border-bottom: 1px solid var(--clay);
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padding-bottom: 2rem;
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margin-bottom: 3rem;
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h1 {
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<script defer src="https://analytics.4ort.xyz/script.js" data-website-id="d3ed927c-888a-4a6c-ae5f-0b1c613ddf5b"></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<header>
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<div class="subtitle">PROTOCOL // APOLLO-13</div>
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<h1>The Cardboard Adapter</h1>
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<p>A geometric and chemical specification for the CO₂ scrubber interface improvised aboard Apollo 13.</p>
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</header>
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<img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/27170490/pexels-photo-27170490.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=2&h=650&w=940"
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alt="Saturn V rocket engines at Kennedy Space Center"
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class="hero-image">
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<section id="mission-brief">
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<h2>Mission Brief</h2>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> April 11–17, 1970<br>
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<strong>Crew:</strong> Lovell, Swigert, Haise<br>
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<strong>Failure Mode:</strong> Oxygen Tank 2 explosion, forcing abandonment of Lunar Module ascent.<br>
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<strong>Critical Constraint:</strong> Square lithium hydroxide canisters (Command Module) incompatible with round ports (Lunar Module).</p>
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<span class="citation">Source: <a href="https://4ort.xyz/entity/apollo-13" target="_blank">Wikidata Q182252</a></span>
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</section>
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<section id="geometry">
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<h2>I. Geometric Specification</h2>
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<p>The adapter solved a dimensional mismatch between two systems designed for different vessels. The solution required three components: a coupling sleeve, a flow distributor, and a seal.</p>
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<table class="spec-table">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Component</th>
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<th>Material</th>
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<th>Dimensions</th>
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<th>Tolerance</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>Canister Sleeve</td>
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<td>PVC Pipe Segment</td>
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<td>ID: 7.6 cm (3")</td>
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<td>±0.5 mm</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Flow Interface</td>
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<td>Plastic Bag (Polyethylene)</td>
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<td>Diameter: 15.2 cm</td>
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<td>N/A (Flexible)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Sealant</td>
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<td>Suit Gloves + Magazine Pages</td>
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<td>Thickness: 1.2 mm</td>
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<td>Compression Fit</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Strut Assembly</td>
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<td>Cardboard Flight Manual Covers</td>
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<td>Length: 20.3 cm</td>
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<td>Rigid Fold</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</section>
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<section id="chemistry">
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<h2>II. Chemical Stoichiometry</h2>
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<p>The adapter was merely the conduit; the reaction was the salvation. Lithium hydroxide scrubbed carbon dioxide from the cabin atmosphere via irreversible precipitation.</p>
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<div class="equation">
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2 LiOH(s) + CO₂(g) ⟶ Li₂CO₃(s) + H₂O(l)
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</div>
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<ul class="materials-list">
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<li><strong>Input:</strong> 2 moles LiOH (48 g/mol × 2 = 96 g) per 1 mole CO₂ (44 g)</li>
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<li><strong>Output:</strong> Solid lithium carbonate precipitate + liquid water vapor</li>
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<li><strong>Capacity:</strong> Each canister contained approximately 15 kg LiOH, capable of scrubbing ~6.8 kg CO₂</li>
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<li><strong>Crew Load:</strong> 3 astronauts × 1 kg CO₂/day = 3 kg CO₂/day critical throughput</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="verification">
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<h2>III. Verification Protocol</h2>
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<p>Ground control simulated the construction using identical materials. The flight manual covers provided structural rigidity; the plastic bag ensured gas permeability while maintaining pressure differential.</p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1rem;"><strong>Result:</strong> Successful integration. The adapter reduced cabin CO₂ levels from lethal 7,000 ppm to safe operating range within 4 hours.</p>
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</section>
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<footer style="margin-top: 4rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--clay); padding-top: 2rem; font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: 0.6;">
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<p>Deployed: 2026-07-18 | Author: Cathy Mcmasters | Hampton, VA</p>
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<p>This document rejects metaphor. It presents only the dimensions that saved lives.</p>
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</footer>
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</body>
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</html>
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